Apologetic Tracks: Faith and Works
Faith & Works
Sometimes we tend to emphasize one thing over the other,
and rather than see them the way God desires them to be seen, to see them as
both. This is particularly true over the
issue of the relationship between faith and works for salvation. Some Christians historically seemed to give
the impression that salvation can be earned, while others have gone to the
opposite extreme and practically reject all works in the plan of God for
salvation.
What is the truth found in the Scriptures? We have to approach the revelation of God
holistically, which means looking at the whole of the Word of God and not just
at a particular passage out of context.
For the Word of God is not contradictory. It is consistent truth.
First, God is the one who saves. There is no salvation outside Jesus Christ.
Justification comes from God even before our faith response and our good works.
That is the heart of the New Testament revelation. Jesus Christ, True God and
True Man, died on the cross for our salvation.
Faith in him directly or indirectly brings us into the process of
salvation. “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not
from you; it is the gift of God.” (Eph 2:8)
As an adult, faith in Jesus’ death and resurrection, faith
in him as Lord and Savior are the normal means of salvation. There are several Scripture passages which
affirm this. For infants who are
baptized, it is the faith of the parents and/or the faith of the community in
whom the child is incorporated.
The beginning of salvation comes from God’s unmerited grace
and continues through our openness to receive and act on that grace through
baptism.
Salvation is a process that is not completed until the day
we die. For if we die in Christ we will
be with Christ forever; but if we die alienated from him, we will be alienated
eternally.
Our works do not earn us salvation, but are reflections of
our response to the gift of God. This response involves a way of life that
reflects acceptance and cooperation with the grace of God that brings us
salvation. Again, our works do not save
us, but they reflect our response to God’s grace. That is why we are reminded in several
citations of the Scriptures how important our actions are.
Recall the final judgment scene in Matthew’s Gospel: “Then
the king will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are blessed by my
Father. Inherit the kingdom prepared for
you from the foundation of the world.
For I was hungry and you gave me food, I was thirsty and you gave me
drink, a stranger and you welcomed me, naked and you clothed me, ill and you
cared for me, in prison and you visited me.’ (Mt 25:34-36)
All these are works.
At the same time, those who were rejected from the kingdom, did not do
the same works expected of them by God.
Other citations are:
“Work out your own
salvation with fear and trembling, for God is at work in you, both to will and
to work for his good pleasure.” (Phil 2:12-13) Even though salvation is a gift
from God, one needs to live in a way that allows that gift to flourish.
“Do you not know that the runners in the stadium all run in the race, but
only one wins the prize? Run so as to win. Every athlete exercises discipline in every
way. They do it to win a perishable crown, but we an imperishable one. Thus I do not run
aimlessly; I do not fight as if I were shadowboxing. No, I drive my body and
train it, for fear that, after having preached to others, I myself should be
disqualified.” (1
Cor 9:24-27) If Paul thought that he was saved by faith alone, why would he
have to so drive himself in order to reach the goal of eternal life?
“I saw the dead,
great and small, standing before the throne, and books were opened. Also another book was opened, which is the
book of life. And the dead were judged
by what was written in the books, by what they had done….all were judged by
what they had done.”(Rev 20:12-13)
“And I heard a
voice from heaven saying. ‘Write this: Blessed are the dead who from now on die
in the Lord.” ‘Blessed indeed,’ says the
Spirit, ‘that they may rest from their labors, for their deeds follow
them.’”(Rev 14:13) For deeds to follow
us this must mean that works are important as well as faith.
Finally, we have
the clearest passage in the Scriptures which give us the full revelation of
God. It is from the Letter of James.
”What good is it,
my brothers, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can that faith save him? If a brother or sister has nothing to wear
and has no food for the day, and one of you says to them, ‘Go in peace, keep
warm, and eat well,’ but you do not give them the necessities of the body, what
good is it? So also faith of itself, if
it does not have works, is dead.
"Indeed
someone might say, 'You have faith and I have works.’ Demonstrate your faith to me without works,
and I will demonstrate my faith to you from my works. You believe that God is one. You do well. Even the demons believe that and
tremble. Do you want proof,
you ignoramus that faith without works is useless? Was not Abraham our father justified by works
when he offered his son Isaac upon the altar?
You see that faith was active along with his works, and faith was
completed by the works. Thus, the Scripture was fulfilled that says, 'Abraham
believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness,' and he was called
'the friend of God.' See how a person is justified by works and not by faith
alone. And in the same way, was not Rahab the harlot also justified by works
when she welcomed the messengers and sent them out by a different route? For
just as a body without a spirit is dead, so also faith without works is dead."
(James 2:14-26)
Faith
alone does not save us. Works alone do
not save us. It is our faith in the
saving work of Jesus—his death and resurrection—our justification--that is
lived out in our conduct of life in response that brings about the full work of
God in us, namely our salvation. In the
words of Paul to the Philippians: “I am confident of this, that the one who
began a good work in you will continue to complete it until the day of Christ
Jesus.” (Phil 1:6)
In a 1999 joint
Catholic-Lutheran statement on the Doctrine of Justification, it was stated:
“We confess together that good works—a
Christian life lived in faith, hope, and love—follow justification and are its
fruits. When the justified live in Christ and act in the grace they receive,
they bring forth, in biblical terms, good fruit.
“When Catholics affirm the ‘meritorious’
character of good works, they wish to say that, according to the biblical
witness, a reward in heaven is promised to these works. Their intention is to emphasize the
responsibility of persons for their actions, not to contest the character of
those works as gifts, or far less to deny that justification always remains the
unmerited gift of grace. (JD 37–38)
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